Avoiding Omo Onile Wahala: 10 Legal Steps Every Land Buyer in Nigeria Must Take

Purchasing land in Nigeria is one of the biggest milestones anyone can achieve. It’s exciting, full of possibilities, and often marks the beginning of wealth-building for many families. But let’s be honest, land buying in Nigeria also comes with its fair share of headaches. And the most notorious one? Omo Onile wahala.

Omo Onile, loosely meaning “landowners,” are individuals or groups who claim ancestral rights to land. Many engage in shady practices like double-selling plots, demanding endless fees, extorting buyers, or outright land grabbing. If you’re not careful, what should have been your dream investment could turn into a nightmare.

So how do you protect yourself? Here are 10 proven legal steps to avoid falling victim to Omo Onile problems when buying land in Nigeria:

1. Understand the Legal Framework

Before signing anything, familiarize yourself with Nigeria’s land laws, especially the Land Use Act of 1978. Remember, under the law, all land belongs to the government, which only grants usage rights through documents like:

• Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)

• Governor’s Consent

• Deed of Assignment

Knowing these terms (and their implications) can help you navigate land transactions with confidence.

2. Conduct Proper Land Searches

Never take anyone’s word at face value. Carry out a proper land search at the relevant land registry to confirm:

• The seller is the rightful owner

• The land is not under government acquisition or meant for public use

• No disputes or encumbrances exist

A lawyer or licensed surveyor can do this for you—and trust me, it’s way cheaper than getting trapped in a land dispute.

3. Insist on a Survey Plan

A survey plan is like the land’s fingerprint; it shows its boundaries, size, and coordinates. Always request one, and have it authenticated by the Surveyor General’s Office. This way, you’re sure the land you’re paying for exists and is free of government acquisition.

4. Engage a Competent Lawyer

This is not the time to “save money.” A property lawyer will:

• Draft and review all legal documents

• Ensure the deal meets legal requirements

• Represent you in case of disputes with Omo Onile

Skipping this step is like going into battle without armor.

5. Be Wary of “Family Land”

Family land is the Omo Onile classic. One person sells to you today, and tomorrow another family member shows up claiming ownership. To avoid this trap:

• Ensure all family members consent to the sale

• Get written agreements signed by every stakeholder

6. Avoid Cash Transactions

Cash is risky and untraceable. Always use bank transfers or other traceable methods, and keep every receipt. When disputes arise, proof of payment could save your investment.

7. Obtain All Necessary Documents

Don’t walk away with just a handshake. After paying, collect:

• Payment receipt

• Deed of Assignment

• Survey plan

• Certificate of Occupancy (if available)

Then, apply for Governor’s Consent, it is what officially validates your ownership under the Land Use Act.

8. Be Vigilant During Development

Even after buying land, Omo Onile may still surface, demanding fees for things like foundation laying, roofing, or fencing. To handle this:

• Involve community leaders early

• Secure local security

• Seek legal advice before paying any “levies”

9. Work with Trusted Real Estate Companies

If you want peace of mind, consider buying from reputable real estate developers. They usually handle disputes, obtain approvals, and provide verified documentation. Just make sure they have a track record and reviews from past buyers.

10. Secure Your Land Immediately

Don’t let your land sit idle. Show ownership by:

• Fencing it

• Posting clear ownership signs (e.g., “This property belongs to [Your Name]. Trespassers will be prosecuted.”)

• Installing security measures if the location is prone to disputes

Conclusion

Buying land in Nigeria can be smooth or it can be a nightmare, depending on how you approach it. The truth is, due diligence is always cheaper than resolving disputes. By understanding the law, involving professionals, and staying vigilant, you can outsmart Omo Onile and secure your land without unnecessary drama.

So, before you pay that next “family agent” or shake hands on a deal, ask yourself: Have I done all these 10 things? If not, pause, protect yourself, and buy wisely.

Ignorantia Juris Non Excusat
(Ignorance of the law is not an Excuse)